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Mainline and Mass Transit Rail Stations

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Vexcolt has an extensive history when providing expansion and control joints solutions for Mainline RailMass Transit StationsElevated Rail.

 Two separate elements that should be taken into consideration when specifying expansion joints and control joints for rail stations:

  1. Below ground sections of rail stations such as underground concourses, access ways and platforms must be treated differently from those that lie above ground. The reason for this differentiation is that, in general, people can escape more easily from above ground structures.
  2. The increasing use of Passenger Safety Doors (PSDs) at the demise line between platform edges and train and track now means that the floor finishes zone must be electrically isolated from the platform substrate. 
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Two separate elements that should be taken into consideration when specifying expansion joints and control joints for rail stations:

  1. Below ground sections of rail stations such as underground concourses, access ways and platforms must be treated differently from those that lie above ground. The reason for this differentiation is that, in general, people can escape more easily from above ground structures. If a concourse or platform lies below ground then fire and the resulting toxic smoke allied with limited means of egress can cause people trying to escape to become disoriented with often dire consequences. As a result, materials used in expansion joints and control joints in below ground applications must have been tested and have a higher burn temperature and much lower toxic smoke emissions than materials used in systems which are designed for above ground use. This particularly applies to elastomeric seals, where it is strongly recommended that these are manufactured from VAMAC which is a material that has been tested and approved by mass transit authorities worldwide including full approval to London Underground Limited’s LUL 1-085 ‘Fire Safety Performance of Materials’.
  2. The increasing use of Passenger Safety Doors (PSDs) at the demise line between platform edges and train and track now means that the floor finishes zone must be electrically isolated from the platform substrate. Normally this means using an electrical isolation membrane on top of the slab and up walls for 1.8m to 2.0m from the face of the PSD. The volume resistivity of isolation products used these zones should exceed a minimum of 5 x 1012 ohms-cm. Metal-edged expansion joints and control joints (and any other metal objects that interrupt the floor and wall surfaces) should therefore coated in the approved isolation material prior to installation

Internal Concourses - Above Ground

Expansion joints

Expansion joints in the concourses and ticketing halls of mainline and mass transit rail stations not only have to cope with high levels of pedestrian traffic but in some instances also must be robust enough to resist the transport of mail and other goods which often means that heavily laden trolleys and pallet trucks travel across concourses and platforms.

Therefore, using the provisions of Eurocode EN-1991-1-1 ‘Actions on structures – General actions, densities, self-weight and imposed loads for buildings’ FL2 loading is recommended; FL2 equates to a forklift truck of 46kN (4.6 tonnes) fully laden weight.

Control joints

Control joints in internal floors in rail station concourses should be laid to form 6 metre x 6 metre bays to accommodate local moisture movement and to compensate for small deflections arising from thermal expansion and contraction. Control joints in such high traffic environments should have metal side plates to support the vulnerable edges of finishes.

Internal Concourses - Below Ground

Expansion joints

Expansion joints in below-ground concourses and ticketing halls of mainline and mass transit rail stations share many of the loading, impact and abrasion issues that their above ground equivalents experience. The traffic loading is similar and the provisions of Eurocode EN-1991-1-1 ‘Actions on structures – General actions, densities, self-weight and imposed loads for buildings’ should be used for reference. It is suggested that FL2 loading is applied FL2 equates to a forklift truck of 46kN (4.6 tonnes) fully laden weight.

The major difference arises where joints comprising metal frames and elastomeric seals are considered. We would advise that these should be avoided, and all metal systems used instead; however, where they are specified the elastomeric seal should be manufactured from VAMAC which offers high burn temperature and low toxic smoke emissions in the event of fire.

 

Control joints

Control joints in below-ground concourses should be laid to form 6 metre x 6 metre bays to accommodate small deflections arising from drying shrinkage and thermal expansion and contraction. In high traffic environments these joints should have metal side plates to support the vulnerable edges of finishes and use VAMAC low toxic smoke seals to accommodate movement.

Platforms – Above Ground

Expansion joints

Expansion joints in above ground platforms share the same general specification as concourse areas and ticketing halls, however these platforms often extend beyond station overhangs and waterproofing of these joints becomes increasingly important. Pooling of water is likely and expansion joint waterproofing membranes should ideally cross-link to structural waterproofing and run across the platform and extend least 150mm up an upstands to form a fully watertight seal. Provision should be made for drainage in instances where waterproofing membranes are used beneath expansion jointing systems.

 

Control Joints

As many rail station platforms extend beyond the building envelope and are exposed to the elements, significant movement due to day/night and summer/winter thermal cycling may be experienced. As a result control joints should be laid at 3 metre intervals to form 3 metre x 3 metre bays to compensate for these deflections.

Control joints in high traffic environments should have metal side plates to support the vulnerable edges of finishes.

Platforms - Below Ground

Expansion joints

Expansion joints in below-ground platforms should mirror those selected for internal, below ground concourses in terms of loading capacity, fire resistance and low toxic smoke generation of seals.

They differ however where Passenger Safety Doors are employed. Expansion joints running through floor finishes close to PSDs must be electrically isolated from the platform substrate. Normally this means using an electrical isolation membrane on top of the slab and up walls for 1.8m to 2.0m from the face of the PSD.

The volume resistivity of isolation products used these zones should exceed a minimum of 5 x 1012 ohms-cm.

Metal-edged expansion joints (and any other metal objects that interrupt the floor and wall surfaces) should therefore coated in the approved isolation material prior to installation

 

Control joints

Control joints in below-ground concourses should be laid to form 6 metre x 6 metre bays to accommodate small deflections arising from drying shrinkage and thermal expansion and contraction. In high traffic environments these joints should have metal side plates to support the vulnerable edges of finishes and use VAMAC low toxic smoke seals to accommodate movement.

Where Passenger Safety Doors (PSDs) are employed control joints in floors need to be electrically isolated from the platform substrate. Normally this means using an electrical isolation membrane on top of the slab and up walls for 1.8m to 2.0m from the face of the PSD.

The volume resistivity of isolation products used these zones should exceed a minimum of 5 x 1012 ohms-cm.

Metal-edged control joints (and any other metal objects that interrupt the floor and wall surfaces) should therefore coated in the approved isolation material prior to installation

Precast Segments

Expansion joints

Precast segmental sections are generally used to construct elevated rail lines. Expansion gaps are left between spans to accommodate thermal expansion and contraction as well as live load deflections and vibrations arising from the passage of trains.

 These expansion gaps should be sealed ideally using preformed sealing tapes which expand and contract in response to structural deflection.

Projects

Vexcolt has years of experience supplying joints for Mainline rail, Mass Transit stations, elevated rail. Projects include:

  • Bond Street Station
  • Liverpool Street Station
  • Birmingham New Street Station
  • Farringdon Station
  • Tottenham Court Road
  • Woolwick
  • Custom House
  • London Paddington Station
  • Station Arnhem Centraal
  • OVT Utrecht
  • OVT Den Haag
  • Noord/Zuidlijn
  • Kings Cross Station
  • Canary Wharf Crossrail Station
  • IJhal Amsterdam
  • Waterloo International Station
  • West Kownloon Express Station Hong Kong
  • Tsueng Kwan O Line Stations Hong Kong
  • MRT station Singapore
  • Dubai Metro
  • Bangkok MRT
  • Delhi Metro Stations
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